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				| [appendix] | |
| = Mac OS 使用技巧 | |
| == homebrew | |
| === 简介 | |
| Homebrew 是一款 Mac OS 平台下的软件包管理工具,拥有安装、卸载、更新、查看、搜索等很多实用的功能。 | |
| Homebrew 通过简单的一条指令,就可以实现包管理,不需要关心各种依赖和文件路径的情况。 | |
| 
 | |
| === 安装 homebrew | |
| 由于官网的安装方式会比较慢,此处我们将采用清华大学开源软件镜像站进行安装。 | |
| 
 | |
| ==== 设置环境变量 | |
| [source,bash] | |
| ---- | |
| export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/api" | |
| export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git" | |
| export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git" | |
| export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles" | |
| ---- | |
| 
 | |
| ==== 下载并执行安装脚本 | |
| [source,bash] | |
| ---- | |
| # 下载安装脚本 | |
| git clone --depth=1 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/install.git brew-install | |
| 
 | |
| # 执行安装脚本 | |
| /bin/bash brew-install/install.sh | |
| ---- | |
| 
 | |
| ==== 环境变量持久化 | |
| [source,bash] | |
| ---- | |
| # 通过以下命令将环境变量写入 ~/.zprofile 文件 | |
| echo '# Start Set PATH, MANPATH, etc., for Homebrew.' >> /Users/wangshaoping/.zprofile | |
| echo 'export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/api"' >> /Users/wangshaoping/.zprofile | |
| echo 'export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git"' >> /Users/wangshaoping/.zprofile | |
| echo 'export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"' >> /Users/wangshaoping/.zprofile | |
| echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles"' >> /Users/wangshaoping/.zprofile | |
| echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"' >> /Users/wangshaoping/.zprofile | |
| echo '# End Set PATH, MANPATH, etc., for Homebrew.' >> /Users/wangshaoping/.zprofile | |
| 
 | |
| # 关闭并重新打开终端以便环境变量生效 | |
| ---- | |
| 
 | |
| ==== 检查安装情况 | |
| [source,bash] | |
| ---- | |
| brew -v | |
| ---- | |
| 
 | |
| === 卸载 homebrew | |
| [source,bash] | |
| ---- | |
| # 下载安装和卸载脚本 | |
| <1> git clone --depth=1 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/install.git brew-install | |
| 
 | |
| # 执行卸载脚本 | |
| <2> /bin/bash brew-install/uninstall.sh | |
| ---- | |
| 
 | |
| === Homebrew 术语 | |
| 
 | |
| * Formulae:软件包,包括了这个软件的依赖、源码位置及编译方法等 | |
| * Casks:已经编译好的应用包,如图形界面程序等 | |
| 
 | |
| === Homebrw 文件夹用途 | |
| 
 | |
| * bin:用于存放所安装程序的启动链接(相当于快捷方式) | |
| * etc:brew 安装程序的配置文件默认存放路径 | |
| * Library:Homebrew 系统自身文件夹 | |
| * Cellar:通过 brew 安装的程序将以 [程序名/版本号] 存放于本目录下 | |
| 
 | |
| === 常用的 brew 命令 | |
| [source,bash] | |
| ---- | |
| # 查看brew版本 | |
| brew -v | |
| 
 | |
| # 更新brew版本 | |
| brew update | |
| 
 | |
| # 本地软件库列表 | |
| brew list | |
| 
 | |
| # 查看软件库版本 | |
| brew list --versions | |
| 
 | |
| # 查找软件包(xxx为要查找软件的关键词) | |
| brew search xxx | |
| 
 | |
| # 安装软件包(xxx为软件包名称) | |
| brew install xxx | |
| 
 | |
| # 卸载软件包(xxx为软件包名称) | |
| brew uninstall xxx | |
| 
 | |
| # 安装软件(xxx为软件名称) | |
| brew cask install xxx | |
| 
 | |
| # 卸载软件(xxx为软件名称) | |
| brew cask uninstall xxx | |
| 
 | |
| # 查找软件安装位置(xxx为软件名称) | |
| which xxx | |
| ---- | |
| 
 | |
| === brew install & brew cask install | |
| Homebrew 提供了两种安装软件的方式,brew install 和 brew cask install,下面对两种方式进行一些解释说明。 | |
| 
 | |
| .brew install | |
| brew 是下载源码解压,然后 ./configure && make install ,同时会包含相关依存库,并自动配置好各种环境变量。 | |
| 对于对程序员只需通过简单的指令,就能快速安装和升级本地的各种开发环境,非常快捷方便。 | |
| 
 | |
| .brew cask install | |
| brew cask 是针对已经编译好了的应用包(.dmg/.pkg)下载解压,然后放在统一的目录中(Caskroom),省掉了自己下载、解压、安装等步骤。 | |
| 这个对一般用户来说会比较方便,包含很多在 AppStore 里没有的常用软件。 | |
| 
 | |
| 简单来说, | |
| 
 | |
| * brew install 用来安装一些不带界面的命令行工具和第三方库 | |
| * brew cask install 用来安装一些带界面的应用软件 | |
| 
 | |
| == 启动、停止服务 | |
| [source,bash] | |
| ---- | |
| brew services start xxx     # 启动名为 xxx 的服务 | |
| brew services stop xxx      # 停止名为 xxx 的服务 | |
| brew services restart xxx   # 重启名为 xxx 的服务 | |
| ---- | |
| 
 | |
| == 国内镜像配置 | |
| === 安装 | |
| [source,bash] | |
| ---- | |
| # 设置环境变量 | |
| export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/api" | |
| export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles" | |
| export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git" | |
| export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git" | |
| export HOMEBREW_PIP_INDEX_URL="https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple" | |
| 
 | |
| # 从本镜像下载安装脚本并安装 Homebrew / Linuxbrew | |
| git clone --depth=1 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/install.git brew-install | |
| /bin/bash brew-install/install.sh | |
| rm -rf brew-install | |
| 
 | |
| # 设置环境变量 | |
| test -r ~/.bash_profile && echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"' >> ~/.bash_profile | |
| test -r ~/.zprofile && echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"' >> ~/.zprofile | |
| ---- | |
| 
 | |
| === 替换现有仓库上游 | |
| [source ,bash] | |
| ---- | |
| # 设置环境变量 | |
| export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/api" | |
| export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git" | |
| 
 | |
| # 更新 brew | |
| brew update | |
| 
 | |
| # 设置环境变量 | |
| export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git" | |
| 
 | |
| 
 | |
| brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/core https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git | |
| brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/cask https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask.git | |
| brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/cask-fonts https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask-fonts.git | |
| brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/cask-drivers https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask-drivers.git | |
| brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/cask-versions https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask-versions.git | |
| brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/command-not-found https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-command-not-found.git | |
| 
 | |
| brew update | |
| ---- | |
| 
 | |
| == Shottr 截屏 | |
| 这是一款功能丰富,支持小巧,反应快速的截图工具,并且还是免费的,很难得。 | |
| 
 | |
| == 查看隐藏文件 | |
| 在访达文件夹中, 通过快捷键 [command + shift + .] 进行切换 | |
| 
 | |
| == 刷新 dns | |
| [source,bash] | |
| ---- | |
| sudo dscacheutil -flushcache; sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder | |
| ---- | |
| 
 | |
| == crontab | |
| [source,bash] | |
| ---- | |
| # 查看 crontab 是否启动,Mac的定时任务都由 launchctl 来管理. | |
| sudo launchctl list | grep cron | |
| 
 | |
| # 输出 | |
| -	0	com.vix.cron | |
| 
 | |
| # 没有就查看一下启动项的配置 | |
| locate com.vix.cron | |
| 
 | |
| # 输出 | |
| WARNING: The locate database (/var/db/locate.database) does not exist. | |
| To create the database, run the following command: | |
| 
 | |
|   sudo launchctl load -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.locate.plist | |
| 
 | |
| Please be aware that the database can take some time to generate; once | |
| the database has been created, this message will no longer appear. | |
| 
 | |
| # 报错,database 不存在,按照提示步骤创建一个 | |
| sudo launchctl load -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.locate.plist | |
| 
 | |
| # 再次查看一下启动项的配置 | |
| locate com.vix.cron | |
| 
 | |
| # 输出 | |
| WARNING: The locate database (/var/db/locate.database) does not exist. | |
| To create the database, run the following command: | |
| 
 | |
|   sudo launchctl load -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.locate.plist | |
| 
 | |
| Please be aware that the database can take some time to generate; once | |
| the database has been created, this message will no longer appear. | |
| 
 | |
| # 发现没效果,进行库更新一下 | |
| sudo /usr/libexec/locate.updatedb | |
| 
 | |
| # 再次查看一下启动项的配置 | |
| locate com.vix.cron | |
| 
 | |
| # 输出 | |
| /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.vix.cron.plist | |
| 
 | |
| # 查看配置项 | |
| vi /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.vix.cron.plist | |
| 
 | |
| # 配置项的内容 | |
| ---- | |
| 
 | |
| [source,xml] | |
| ---- | |
| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> | |
| <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" | |
|         "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> | |
| <plist version="1.0"> | |
|     <dict> | |
|         <key>Label</key> | |
|         <string>com.vix.cron</string> | |
|         <key>ProgramArguments</key> | |
|         <array> | |
|             <string>/usr/sbin/cron</string> | |
|         </array> | |
|         <key>KeepAlive</key> | |
|         <dict> | |
|             <key>PathState</key> | |
|             <dict> | |
|                 <key>/etc/crontab</key> | |
|                 <true/> | |
|             </dict> | |
|         </dict> | |
|         <key>QueueDirectories</key> | |
|         <array> | |
|             <string>/usr/lib/cron/tabs</string> | |
|         </array> | |
|         <key>EnableTransactions</key> | |
|         <true/> | |
|     </dict> | |
| </plist> | |
| ---- | |
| 
 | |
| [source,bash] | |
| ---- | |
| # 注意,其中有个 KeepAlive 的条件是 /etc/crontab 是否存在 | |
| # 所以查看是否存在,如果不存在,我们需要创建一个,不然任务是无法正常运行的。 | |
| sudo touch /etc/crontab | |
| 
 | |
| # 到此,就完美了,接下来我们开始创建任务了。 | |
| 
 | |
| # 我们通过下面一个命令来添加一个计划任务 | |
| crontab -e | |
| 
 | |
| # 我们会进入一个页面,上面就可以添加我们的计划任务了,每一行代表一条。 | |
| */1 * * * * touch /Users/wangshaoping/Desktop/test/$(date +\%Y\%m\%d\%H\%M\%S) | |
| 
 | |
| # 查看我们的所有任务 | |
| crontab -l | |
| 
 | |
| # 删除任务 | |
| crontab -r | |
| ---- | |
| 
 | |
| == 如何加速 github 网站的访问 | |
| github 由于某些原因,经常导致无法访问或者访问比较慢,主要是因为 dns 的污染,可通过以下方式加速 github 网站的访问。 | |
| 
 | |
| .增加 crontab 任务 | |
| [source,bash] | |
| ---- | |
| # 增加 crontab 任务, 每小时更新 /etc/hosts 文件,获得最近的 github 网址的 ip 地址 | |
| crontab -e | |
| 
 | |
| # 增加以下内容,每个小时更新一次 /etc/hosts 文件 | |
| 0 0/1 * * * sh /Users/wangshaoping/Documents/etc/crontab-github.sh | |
| ---- | |
| 
 | |
| ./Users/wangshaoping/Documents/etc/crontab-github.sh | |
| [source,bash] | |
| ---- | |
| #!/bin/bash | |
| source /etc/profile | |
| 
 | |
| # 替换 /Users/wangshaoping/Documents/etc/hosts 文件中以下部分 | |
| # GitHub520 Host Start | |
| # ....... | |
| # Github520 Host End | |
| sed -i "" "/# GitHub520 Host Start/,/# Github520 Host End/d" /Users/wangshaoping/Documents/etc/hosts | |
| 
 | |
| # 从 https://raw.hellogithub.com 下载 hosts 文件并将其内容追加到 /Users/wangshaoping/Documents/etc/hosts 文件的最后 | |
| curl https://raw.hellogithub.com/hosts >> /Users/wangshaoping/Documents/etc/hosts | |
| 
 | |
| # 将 /Users/wangshaoping/Documents/etc/hosts 文件复制到 /etc/hosts 文件 | |
| cp /Users/wangshaoping/Documents/etc/hosts /etc/hosts | |
| ---- | |
| 
 | |
| ./Users/wangshaoping/Documents/etc/hosts | |
| [source,bash] | |
| ---- | |
| ## | |
| # Host Database | |
| # | |
| # localhost is used to configure the loopback interface | |
| # when the system is booting.  Do not change this entry. | |
| ## | |
| 127.0.0.1	localhost | |
| 255.255.255.255	broadcasthost | |
| ::1             localhost | |
| 
 | |
| # Added by Docker Desktop | |
| # To allow the same kube context to work on the host and the container: | |
| 127.0.0.1 kubernetes.docker.internal | |
| # End of section | |
| 
 | |
| # sonatype nexus repository and gitlab source code repository | |
| 127.0.0.1	platform.sc.io | |
| ---- | |
| 
 | |
| .修改 /etc/hosts 文件权限 | |
| [source,bash] | |
| ---- | |
| # 修改 /etc/hosts 文件权限 | |
| sudo chmod a+rw /etc/hosts | |
| 
 | |
| # 修改 /Users/wangshaoping/Documents/etc/crontab-github.sh 文件权限 | |
| chmod a+x /Users/wangshaoping/Documents/etc/crontab-github.sh | |
| ---- | |
| 
 | |
| == 微软 Windows 云桌面 | |
| 微软学习平台的这个云桌面是微软家的,是用来进行学习微软相关课程知识的。 | |
| 
 | |
| * 众所周知,国内是可以直接访问微软的! | |
| * 众所不周知,微软的学习平台提供了云桌面服务。 | |
| * 众所不周知,微软的云桌面的ip地址是全球各地的CDN。 | |
| 
 | |
| 所以,我们可以借助微软的云桌面,协助我们的办公工作。 | |
| 
 | |
| === 申请网址 | |
| https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/training/modules/implement-common-integration-features-finance-ops/10-exercise-1 | |
| 
 | |
| image::9999-appendix/mac/001.png[,80%] | |
| 
 | |
| 访问上述网址,点击【登录以启动 VM 模式】登录微软账号,完成授权。授权里面可能需要你填写一些信息,能跳过就跳过,随便填。国家一栏当然是填美国了。 | |
| 
 | |
| === 限制 | |
| 每次可连续使用2小时,超过2小时则会自动断开,并且清空云桌面的内容,无法保存数据。毕竟这本来是用于学习的工具。 |